NExt biochemistry: enzymes classification

Enzymes are biological catalysts that play a critical role in facilitating biochemical reactions within living organisms. Enzymes can be classified in various ways based on their structure, function, and other properties. Here's a classification of enzymes based on their functional characteristics:

**1. Oxidoreductases:**

- Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by transferring electrons between molecules.

- Example: Dehydrogenases, oxidases, peroxidases.

**2. Transferases:**

- Transfer functional groups (e.g., methyl, phosphate, amino) from one molecule to another.

- Example: Kinases, transaminases, methyltransferases.

**3. Hydrolases:**

- Catalyze hydrolysis reactions, breaking down molecules with the addition of water.

- Example: Lipases, proteases, nucleases.

**4. Lyases:**

- Catalyze addition or removal of groups from a molecule without hydrolysis.

- Example: Decarboxylases, synthases.

**5. Isomerases:**

- Catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule to form isomers.

- Example: Isomerases, racemases.

**6. Ligases:**

- Catalyze the joining of two molecules, often using energy from ATP.

- Example: DNA ligase, synthetases.

Remember that enzymes are highly specific in their actions and typically work under specific conditions (pH, temperature) and in conjunction with co-factors or co-enzymes. This classification helps provide insight into the various types of biochemical reactions enzymes facilitate within living organisms.

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Certainly, here are 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to the classification of enzymes, along with their answers:

**Question 1:**

Which class of enzymes catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by transferring electrons between molecules?

A) Oxidoreductases

B) Hydrolases

C) Isomerases

D) Transferases

**Answer: A) Oxidoreductases**

**Question 2:**

Enzymes that transfer functional groups (e.g., methyl, phosphate) from one molecule to another belong to the class of:

A) Hydrolases

B) Transferases

C) Ligases

D) Isomerases

**Answer: B) Transferases**

**Question 3:**

Which class of enzymes catalyze hydrolysis reactions by breaking down molecules with the addition of water?

A) Isomerases

B) Oxidoreductases

C) Ligases

D) Hydrolases

**Answer: D) Hydrolases**

**Question 4:**

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules, often using energy from ATP, are classified as:

A) Oxidoreductases

B) Ligases

C) Lyases

D) Isomerases

**Answer: B) Ligases**

**Question 5:**

Which class of enzymes catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule to form isomers?

A) Isomerases

B) Transferases

C) Hydrolases

D) Oxidoreductases

**Answer: A) Isomerases**

**Question 6:**

The class of enzymes that catalyze addition or removal of groups from a molecule without hydrolysis is called:

A) Lyases

B) Oxidoreductases

C) Transferases

D) Ligases

**Answer: A) Lyases**

**Question 7:**

Enzymes that catalyze the addition of water to a molecule to break it down are classified as:

A) Transferases

B) Ligases

C) Hydrolases

D) Isomerases

**Answer: C) Hydrolases**

**Question 8:**

Which type of enzymes facilitate the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule to create mirror-image isomers?

A) Lyases

B) Transferases

C) Isomerases

D) Oxidoreductases

**Answer: C) Isomerases**

**Question 9:**

The class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule without hydrolysis belongs to:

A) Hydrolases

B) Ligases

C) Oxidoreductases

D) Lyases

**Answer: D) Lyases**

**Question 10:**

Enzymes that transfer functional groups such as amino, phosphate, or methyl groups from one molecule to another are classified as:

A) Oxidoreductases

B) Isomerases

C) Transferases

D) Ligases

**Answer: C) Transferases**

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