Oral pathology: Syndromes
Several syndromes are associated with oral pathology, involving abnormalities or conditions that manifest in the oral cavity. Here are a few examples:
1. **Cleidocranial Dysplasia:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Delayed eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, and a characteristic facial appearance with a prominent forehead.
2. **Gardner Syndrome:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Multiple odontomas, osteomas, and dental abnormalities. It is a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
3. **Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21):**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Macroglossia, fissured tongue, delayed eruption of teeth, and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease.
4. **Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Hypermobile joints, fragile mucous membranes, and a tendency toward poor wound healing. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility may also occur.
5. **Treacher Collins Syndrome:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Facial deformities, including mandibular hypoplasia, cleft palate, and ear anomalies.
6. **Sjögren's Syndrome:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Xerostomia (dry mouth) due to autoimmune destruction of salivary glands, leading to an increased risk of dental caries.
7. **Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD):**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Cleft lip and/or palate, tongue abnormalities, and various dental anomalies. There are different types of OFD with varying systemic involvement.
8. **Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN):**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Painful oral mucosal erosions and ulcerations, often accompanied by systemic involvement.
9. **Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Severe periodontitis leading to premature loss of primary and permanent teeth. Palmoplantar keratosis is also a characteristic feature.
10. **Apert Syndrome:**
- **Oral Manifestations:** Craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull bones), high-arched palate, and dental anomalies such as crowded teeth.
These syndromes often involve multisystemic manifestations, and oral health professionals play a crucial role in recognizing and managing oral conditions associated with these syndromes. Additionally, collaboration with medical specialists is essential for comprehensive care, considering the systemic implications of these conditions.
Certainly! Here are 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with their answers on syndromes related to oral pathology:
**1. Which syndrome is characterized by delayed eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, and a prominent forehead?**
- A) Down Syndrome
- B) Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- C) Gardner Syndrome
- D) Cleidocranial Dysplasia
**Answer: D) Cleidocranial Dysplasia**
**2. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are associated with:**
- A) Gastrointestinal abnormalities
- B) Painful oral mucosal erosions and ulcerations
- C) Hypermobile joints
- D) Macroglossia
**Answer: B) Painful oral mucosal erosions and ulcerations**
**3. Which syndrome involves craniosynostosis, a high-arched palate, and dental anomalies such as crowded teeth?**
- A) Sjögren's Syndrome
- B) Apert Syndrome
- C) Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome
- D) Treacher Collins Syndrome
**Answer: B) Apert Syndrome**
**4. Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a common oral manifestation of:**
- A) Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome
- B) Down Syndrome
- C) Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- D) Sjögren's Syndrome
**Answer: D) Sjögren's Syndrome**
**5. Which syndrome is characterized by palmoplantar keratosis and severe periodontitis leading to premature tooth loss?**
- A) Down Syndrome
- B) Treacher Collins Syndrome
- C) Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome
- D) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD)
**Answer: C) Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome**
**6. Multiple odontomas, osteomas, and dental abnormalities are associated with:**
- A) Gardner Syndrome
- B) Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- C) Apert Syndrome
- D) Treacher Collins Syndrome
**Answer: A) Gardner Syndrome**
**7. Macroglossia, fissured tongue, and delayed eruption of teeth are oral manifestations seen in:**
- A) Cleidocranial Dysplasia
- B) Apert Syndrome
- C) Down Syndrome
- D) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD)
**Answer: C) Down Syndrome**
**8. Which syndrome involves facial deformities, including mandibular hypoplasia, cleft palate, and ear anomalies?**
- A) Treacher Collins Syndrome
- B) Gardner Syndrome
- C) Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- D) Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
**Answer: A) Treacher Collins Syndrome**
**9. The characteristic facial appearance with a prominent forehead is seen in:**
- A) Gardner Syndrome
- B) Treacher Collins Syndrome
- C) Cleidocranial Dysplasia
- D) Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome
**Answer: C) Cleidocranial Dysplasia**
**10. Which syndrome involves cleft lip and/or palate, tongue abnormalities, and various dental anomalies?**
- A) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD)
- B) Down Syndrome
- C) Treacher Collins Syndrome
- D) Sjögren's Syndrome
**Answer: A) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD)**
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