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Abtropfung or dropping off effect is seen in (A) Intradermal nevus (B) Compound nevus (C) Junctional nevus (D) Blue nevus The term "abtropfung" or "dropping off effect" in the context of dermatology refers to a characteristic feature of a type of skin nevus (mole) known as a compound nevus. A compound nevus is a type of mole that is composed of melanocytes (cells that produce pigment) located both in the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin) and the dermis (the deeper layer of the skin). The term "abtropfung" or "dropping off effect" is used to describe the appearance of these nevi when they start to lose their melanocytes or pigmented cells, and these cells appear to drop off or disappear over time. So, the "abtropfung" effect is characteristic of compound nevi (B) and is not typically associated with other types of nevi like intradermal nevi (A), junctional nevi (C), or blue nevi (D). Follow us on WhatsApp channel 

Central Nervous System (CNS) infections can be caused by a variety of bacteria. These infections can have serious consequences and may lead to conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, or brain abscesses. Here are some bacteria that can cause CNS infections: 1. **Neisseria meningitidis**:    - Causes bacterial meningitis.    - Commonly transmitted through respiratory droplets.    - Can lead to severe inflammation of the meninges (protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord). 2. **Streptococcus pneumoniae**:    - Another common cause of bacterial meningitis.    - Often occurs after respiratory tract infections.    - Can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. 3. **Haemophilus influenzae**:    - Previously a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children, but now less common due to vaccination.    - Can also cause other respiratory infections. 4. **Listeria monocytogenes**:    - Can lead to meningitis, particularly in newborns, the

like comment share welcome nice see you again. Share via WhatsApp A non-depolarizing competitive neuromuscular blocker, also known as a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent or neuromuscular blocking drug, is a type of medication used to induce muscle relaxation and temporary paralysis during surgical procedures or other medical interventions. These drugs work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that transmits signals from nerves to muscles, leading to muscle contraction. By blocking acetylcholine, these agents prevent muscle contractions, allowing for surgical procedures that require muscle relaxation. Here's a more detailed explanation of non-depolarizing competitive neuromuscular blockers: 1. **Mechanism of Action**:    Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers compete with acetylcholine for binding to nicotinic receptors on the motor end plate of muscle fibers. Unlike depolarizing neuromuscular bloc

Timed Pop-up Widget Sidebar ✖ Need help? Chat with us on WhatsApp! Start Chat Show Widget Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced during pregnancy. It plays a crucial role in supporting the early stages of pregnancy and is commonly used as a marker in pregnancy tests. Here's a detailed explanation of hCG and its functions: 1. **Production and Source**:    hCG is produced by cells that form the placenta, which is the tissue that surrounds the developing embryo. The hormone is detectable in the blood and urine of pregnant women. 2. **Function during Pregnancy**:    hCG has several important functions that support a healthy pregnancy:    - **Implantation**: After fertilization, the embryo travels down the fallopian tube and eventually implants itself into the uterine lining. hCG helps to promote the implantation process.    - **M

like comment share welcome PSC dental exams Share via WhatsApp Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI ) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the body's inability to properly process and metabolize fructose, a type of sugar found in many foods. Individuals with HFI lack the enzyme aldolase B, which is necessary for breaking down fructose in the liver. As a result, fructose and its metabolites accumulate in the liver, leading to various symptoms and potentially severe complications. Symptoms of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance: - Digestive issues such as nausea , vomiting , and abdominal pain after consuming fructose-containing foods or sweetened products. - Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) due to impaired gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver. - Generalized symptoms like fatigue , irritability , and sweating . Complications of HFI: - Severe hypoglycemia can lead to unconsciousne

Polycythemia is a medical condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bloodstream. This can lead to an elevated hematocrit level, which is the proportion of blood that is made up of red blood cells. Polycythemia can be classified into two main types: primary and secondary. 1. Primary Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera):    - This is a rare bone marrow disorder where the body produces too many red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.    - It is caused by genetic mutations in bone marrow cells.    - Symptoms may include fatigue, headaches, dizziness, itching, and increased risk of blood clots. 2. Secondary Polycythemia:    - Also known as secondary erythrocytosis, this type is caused by an underlying condition or factor that triggers the body to produce more red blood cells.    - Common causes include chronic hypoxia (low oxygen levels), such as in individuals with lung disease, heart disease, or living at high altitudes.    

Sodium absorption refers to the process by which sodium ions (Na+) are taken up or absorbed by cells, tissues, or organisms. In biological systems, sodium absorption plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, particularly in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. In the context of the human body, sodium absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine and the kidneys. In the small intestine, sodium absorption is an essential part of the digestive process. It helps facilitate the absorption of other nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, as well as maintaining proper hydration levels in the body. In the kidneys, sodium absorption is closely regulated as part of the body's overall fluid and electrolyte balance. The kidneys play a key role in filtering the blood and reabsorbing necessary substances, including sodium, back into the bloodstream while excreting excess sodium through urine. Sodium absorption is tightly cont

listen to audio Welcome play now : Your browser does not support the audio element. More awesome content here... Swan neck deformity is a type of finger deformity that affects the fingers, particularly the middle and ring fingers. It is characterized by hyperextension (backward bending) of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, while the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint is flexed, resembling the shape of a swan's neck. This deformity is commonly seen in conditions that affect the joints, tendons, or ligaments of the fingers, such as rheumatoid arthritis or injury. **Causes of Swan Neck Deformity:** 1. **Rheumatoid Arthritis:** This is the most common cause of swan neck deformity. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium, which is the lining of the joint, becomes inflamed, leading to joint damage and deformities. 2. **Ligament and Tendon Injury:** Traumatic injuries or repetitive stress o