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**Structure of the Medulla Oblongata:** 1. **Location:**    - The medulla oblongata is the lowermost part of the brainstem, situated between the pons and the spinal cord. 2. **Gray and White Matter:**    - It contains both gray and white matter. Gray matter houses cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated nerve fibers. 3. **Decussation of Pyramids:**    - Prominent structures called pyramids contain motor tracts, and a significant feature is the decussation (crossing over) of motor fibers. Motor signals from the brain cross to the opposite side of the body here. 4. **Cardiovascular and Respiratory Centers:**    - The medulla contains vital centers that regulate involuntary functions such as heartbeat and breathing. The cardiac center controls heart rate, while the respiratory center regulates breathing. 5. **Cranial Nerve Nuclei:**    - Several cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla, including nuclei for cranial nerves VIII to XII. These nuclei are associated with

Structure of Epithelial Tissue: 1. Cellularity:    - Epithelial tissue is composed of tightly packed cells with little extracellular matrix between them. The cells are closely connected, forming continuous sheets. 2. Polarity:    - Epithelial cells exhibit polarity, having an apical (upper) surface facing the external environment or a lumen and a basal (lower) surface attached to the underlying connective tissue. 3. Attachment:    - The basal surface of epithelial cells is attached to a basement membrane, a specialized extracellular matrix that provides structural support and facilitates adherence to underlying tissues. 4. Avascularity:    - Epithelial tissues lack blood vessels. Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from nearby connective tissues. 5. Regeneration:    - Epithelial cells have a high regenerative capacity, continuously replacing damaged or lost cells through cell division. 6. Arrangement:    - The arrangement of epithelial cells can be simple (single layer) or stratified (multipl