maxillomandibular relationship and articulators

Centric relation is a term used in dentistry to describe the most retruded (posterior) position of the mandible (lower jaw) in relation to the maxilla (upper jaw). It is a stable and reproducible jaw position where the condyles (jaw joint) are in their most superior position within the glenoid fossa, and the teeth are in maximum intercuspation (fully closed and properly aligned). Centric relation is important for various dental procedures, including the fabrication of dental prosthetics like dentures and occlusal splints. It serves as a reference point for evaluating occlusion and jaw relationships. If you have further questions about centric relation, feel free to ask!

Incisal guidance is a term in dentistry that refers to the interaction between the upper and lower front teeth (incisors) during jaw movement, particularly in protrusive or sliding movements of the jaw. It plays a crucial role in determining how the back teeth come together when the jaw moves forward, such as during biting or chewing on the front teeth.

The shape and arrangement of the incisal edges of the upper and lower incisors influence how the back teeth, or posterior teeth, come into contact. Proper incisal guidance helps protect the posterior teeth from excessive forces during protrusive movements, and it also contributes to the stability of the bite.

Dentists consider incisal guidance when planning restorative treatments, such as crowns or veneers, to ensure that the biting forces are distributed appropriately and that the overall occlusion (bite) is harmonious. If you need more information about incisal guidance, feel free to ask!

There are several types of articulators used in dentistry, each designed for specific purposes and levels of complexity. Here are a few common types:

1. **Non-Adjustable Articulators:** These are simple articulators that replicate basic opening and closing movements of the jaw. They are useful for basic diagnostic purposes.

2. **Semi-Adjustable Articulators:** These articulators allow for adjustments in parameters like condylar inclination and Bennett movement. They provide a bit more flexibility in simulating jaw movements and are often used for restorative work.

3. **Fully Adjustable Articulators:** These articulators offer extensive adjustments to replicate a wide range of jaw movements, including lateral and protrusive movements. They are used for complex restorative cases and comprehensive treatment planning.

4. **Face-Bow Transfer Systems:** A face-bow is used to record the spatial relationship of the patient's maxillary arch to the temporomandibular joint. This information helps in transferring the patient's jaw movement to an articulator more accurately.

5. **Virtual Articulators:** With advances in technology, virtual articulators have been developed that simulate jaw movements digitally. They can be used with digital models and offer precise measurements and analysis.

6. **Hinge Articulators:** These are basic articulators that mimic the simple hinge-like movement of the lower jaw.

7. **Arcon Articulators:** These articulators follow the anatomical relationship between the skull and the mandible, where the condyles articulate with the glenoid fossa.

The choice of articulator depends on the complexity of the case, the procedures being performed, and the dentist's or dental technician's preferences. Each type has its advantages and limitations.

Sure, I'd be happy to explain the difference between "arcon" and "non-arcon" articulators in dentistry:

**Arcon Articulator:**

- In an arcon articulator, "arcon" stands for "articulator-condyle relationship."

- In this type of articulator, the upper member of the articulator represents the maxilla and contains the condylar elements (ball-and-socket joints).

- The lower member represents the mandible and carries the cast of the patient's lower teeth.

- This design replicates the anatomical relationship where the condyles of the mandible articulate within the glenoid fossa of the skull.

- It's considered to be more biologically accurate, as it mimics the actual jaw movements more closely.

**Non-Arcon Articulator:**

- In a non-arcon articulator, the condylar elements are located on the lower member (mandibular component) of the articulator.

- The upper member contains the maxillary cast.

- This design does not mirror the anatomical relationship of the jaw joint but is simpler in terms of mechanics.

- It is generally considered less accurate in replicating natural jaw movements and can be more suitable for basic procedures.

In summary, the main distinction between arcon and non-arcon articulators is the positioning of the condylar elements (jaw joint components) and whether the articulator follows the anatomical relationship of the jaw joint or not. Arcon articulators aim to mimic the natural jaw movement more accurately, making them preferred for complex restorative procedures. Non-arcon articulators are simpler and might be used for less intricate tasks. The choice of articulator depends on the specific requirements of the dental work being done.

Certainly, here are some examples of arcon articulators commonly used in dentistry:

1. **Artex CR**: A popular arcon articulator known for its accuracy and versatility in replicating natural jaw movements.

2. **Panadent PCH Articulator**: This articulator offers precision and adjustability for various restorative and prosthetic procedures.

3. **SAM 3 Articulator**: A semi-adjustable arcon articulator that provides flexibility and accuracy in simulating jaw movements.

4. **Whip Mix 2240 Articulator**: This articulator is designed for comprehensive restorative work and features adjustability for accurate replication of jaw movements.

5. **Kavo Protar Evo Articulator**: Known for its advanced features and adjustability, suitable for complex cases and comprehensive treatment planning.

6. **Denar Mark II Articulator**: This articulator is known for its sturdy build and accurate representation of jaw movement.

7. **BEGO Arcon E Articulator**: A fully adjustable arcon articulator designed for precise restorative work.

8. **Quick Master Articulator**: This articulator offers easy handling and adjustability for various dental procedures.

Remember that advancements in dental technology might lead to the development of new articulator models, so it's always a good idea to check with dental supply companies or manufacturers for the latest options available.

Certainly, here are some examples of non-arcon articulators that are commonly used in dentistry:

1. **Hanau™ Wide-Vue Articulator**: A widely used non-arcon articulator known for its simplicity and ease of use.

2. **Denar® D5A Articulator**: This non-arcon articulator offers adjustable settings and is suitable for various prosthetic procedures.

3. **Whip Mix 8500 Articulator**: Known for its simplicity and value, this non-arcon articulator is often used for basic dental tasks.

4. **SAM 2 Articulator**: This non-arcon articulator provides simplicity in design and is suitable for basic diagnostic and restorative procedures.

5. **A7Plus Articulator**: A semi-adjustable non-arcon articulator that offers basic settings for restorative work.

6. **Bio-Art A7Plus Upgrade Articulator**: This articulator is designed for stability and easy handling in dental procedures.

7. **BEGO Articulator EC Articulator**: A non-arcon articulator known for its simplicity and reliability in dental practice.

8. **Dentatus ARH2 Articulator**: This articulator is known for its cost-effectiveness and suitability for basic procedures.

Please note that the availability of specific models might change over time due to advancements in technology and changes in the dental market. When choosing an articulator, it's important to consider the specific needs of your dental practice and the complexity of the procedures you'll be performing.