Supra and infra hyoid muscles
The suprahyoid muscles are a group of muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. They include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. These muscles play a role in functions like swallowing, elevating the hyoid bone, and assisting in opening the mouth. Is there something specific you'd like to know about these muscles?
Sure, here's an explanation of the origin, insertion, and function of each of the suprahyoid muscles:
1. **Digastric Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It has two bellies. The anterior belly originates from the digastric fossa of the mandible, while the posterior belly originates from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone.
- **Insertion**: Both bellies insert into a common intermediate tendon, which is connected to the body of the hyoid bone.
- **Function**: The digastric muscle helps in opening the mouth by depressing the mandible. It also assists in swallowing and stabilizing the hyoid bone.
2. **Mylohyoid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It originates from the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
- **Insertion**: The muscle fibers converge and insert into the body of the hyoid bone and the midline raphe.
- **Function**: The mylohyoid muscle supports the floor of the mouth and assists in elevating the hyoid bone during swallowing. It also helps in depressing the mandible if the hyoid bone is stabilized.
3. **Geniohyoid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It originates from the inferior mental spine of the mandible.
- **Insertion**: It inserts into the body of the hyoid bone.
- **Function**: The geniohyoid muscle contributes to elevating the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth. It also helps in depressing the mandible if the hyoid bone is stabilized.
4. **Stylohyoid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone.
- **Insertion**: The muscle inserts into the body of the hyoid bone.
- **Function**: The stylohyoid muscle helps in elevating the hyoid bone during swallowing. It also participates in the elongation of the floor of the mouth and tongue movements.
Overall, these suprahyoid muscles play crucial roles in various functions such as swallowing, speaking, and maintaining the position of the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth.
Of course! Here are five multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with their answers about the suprahyoid muscles:
**Question 1:**
Which muscle assists in elevating the hyoid bone during swallowing?
A) Digastric muscle
B) Mylohyoid muscle
C) Geniohyoid muscle
D) Stylohyoid muscle
**Answer: A) Digastric muscle**
**Question 2:**
The mylohyoid muscle originates from:
A) Mastoid notch of the temporal bone
B) Inferior mental spine of the mandible
C) Digastric fossa of the mandible
D) Mylohyoid line of the mandible
**Answer: D) Mylohyoid line of the mandible**
**Question 3:**
Which suprahyoid muscle helps in depressing the mandible when the hyoid bone is stabilized?
A) Geniohyoid muscle
B) Stylohyoid muscle
C) Mylohyoid muscle
D) Digastric muscle
**Answer: C) Mylohyoid muscle**
**Question 4:**
The origin of the geniohyoid muscle is:
A) Styloid process of the temporal bone
B) Digastric fossa of the mandible
C) Inferior mental spine of the mandible
D) Mylohyoid line of the mandible
**Answer: C) Inferior mental spine of the mandible**
**Question 5:**
Which of the following muscles participates in tongue movements?
A) Stylohyoid muscle
B) Mylohyoid muscle
C) Digastric muscle
D) Geniohyoid muscle
**Answer: A) Stylohyoid muscle**
Certainly, here's an explanation of the origin, insertion, and function of each of the infrahyoid muscles:
1. **Sternohyoid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It originates from the posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle.
- **Insertion**: The muscle inserts into the body of the hyoid bone.
- **Function**: The sternohyoid muscle depresses the hyoid bone after swallowing, aiding in swallowing and speech. It also stabilizes the hyoid bone during movements of the larynx.
2. **Omohyoid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It has two bellies. The superior belly originates from the intermediate tendon and the body of the hyoid bone. The inferior belly originates from the superior border of the scapula.
- **Insertion**: The superior belly inserts into the body of the hyoid bone, while the inferior belly inserts into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone.
- **Function**: The omohyoid muscle depresses and retracts the hyoid bone, aiding in swallowing and speech. It also helps in stabilizing the hyoid bone.
3. **Thyrohyoid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It originates from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage.
- **Insertion**: The muscle inserts into the lower border of the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone.
- **Function**: The thyrohyoid muscle depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx during swallowing and speaking. It also helps in controlling the tension of the vocal cords.
4. **Sternothyroid Muscle**:
- **Origin**: It originates from the posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum.
- **Insertion**: The muscle inserts into the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage.
- **Function**: The sternothyroid muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage and larynx, assisting in swallowing and speech. It also plays a role in stabilizing the larynx.
These infrahyoid muscles collectively play a vital role in various functions such as swallowing, maintaining the position of the larynx and hyoid bone, and contributing to speech-related movements.
Certainly! Here are five multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with their answers about the infrahyoid muscles:
**Question 1:**
Which muscle aids in depressing the hyoid bone and stabilizing it during laryngeal movements?
A) Sternohyoid muscle
B) Omohyoid muscle
C) Thyrohyoid muscle
D) Sternothyroid muscle
**Answer: A) Sternohyoid muscle**
**Question 2:**
The superior belly of the omohyoid muscle originates from the:
A) Intermediate tendon of the hyoid bone
B) Clavicle
C) Thyroid cartilage
D) Scapula
**Answer: A) Intermediate tendon of the hyoid bone**
**Question 3:**
Which muscle assists in elevating the larynx and controlling vocal cord tension?
A) Omohyoid muscle
B) Sternothyroid muscle
C) Sternohyoid muscle
D) Thyrohyoid muscle
**Answer: D) Thyrohyoid muscle**
**Question 4:**
The thyrohyoid muscle inserts into the:
A) Greater horn of the hyoid bone
B) Body of the hyoid bone
C) Lower border of the thyroid cartilage
D) Manubrium of the sternum
**Answer: A) Greater horn of the hyoid bone**
**Question 5:**
Which muscle assists in depressing the thyroid cartilage and stabilizing the larynx?
A) Sternothyroid muscle
B) Sternohyoid muscle
C) Thyrohyoid muscle
D) Omohyoid muscle
**Answer: A) Sternothyroid muscle**
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