blood supply of lower limb: short answer questions

The major blood supply to the lower limb is primarily provided by the femoral artery, which is a continuation of the external iliac artery. The femoral artery runs down the thigh and gives off various branches that supply blood to different parts of the lower limb. These branches include the deep femoral artery (profunda femoris), which contributes to the blood supply of the thigh muscles.

As the femoral artery continues into the lower leg, it becomes the popliteal artery behind the knee. The popliteal artery further branches into the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and fibular (peroneal) artery, supplying blood to the muscles and tissues of the leg and foot.

Certainly! Let's delve into more detail:

1. External Iliac Artery:

   - Originating from the common iliac artery, the external iliac artery runs down the pelvic region.

2. Common Femoral Artery:

   - As the external iliac artery crosses under the inguinal ligament, it becomes the common femoral artery.

3. Superficial Femoral Artery:

   - The common femoral artery continues into the thigh as the superficial femoral artery.

4. Deep Femoral Artery (Profunda Femoris):

   - This branch arises from the femoral artery in the thigh, providing blood supply to the muscles of the thigh.

5. Popliteal Artery:

   - The superficial femoral artery continues into the popliteal fossa behind the knee, becoming the popliteal artery.

6. Anterior Tibial Artery:

   - Arising from the popliteal artery, the anterior tibial artery travels down the front of the leg, supplying blood to the anterior compartment muscles and eventually becoming the dorsalis pedis artery on the dorsum of the foot.

7. Posterior Tibial Artery:

   - Also originating from the popliteal artery, the posterior tibial artery descends along the back of the leg, providing blood to the posterior compartment muscles. It gives off the fibular (peroneal) artery.

8. Fibular (Peroneal) Artery:

   - This branch of the posterior tibial artery supplies blood to the lateral compartment muscles of the leg.

These arteries collectively form a comprehensive network supplying oxygenated blood to the lower limb muscles, bones, and other tissues, facilitating their normal function and movement.

Certainly! Here are 10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers on the topic of blood supply to the lower limb:

1. Which artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery and serves as a major blood supply to the lower limb?

   - A) Femoral artery

   - B) Popliteal artery

   - C) Anterior tibial artery

   - D) Posterior tibial artery

   Answer: A) Femoral artery

2. The deep femoral artery, also known as profunda femoris, supplies blood to which region of the lower limb?

   - A) Thigh muscles

   - B) Anterior leg

   - C) Posterior leg

   - D) Foot

   Answer: A) Thigh muscles

3. What artery is formed as the continuation of the femoral artery behind the knee?

   - A) Popliteal artery

   - B) Anterior tibial artery

   - C) Posterior tibial artery

   - D) Fibular artery

   Answer: A) Popliteal artery

4. The anterior tibial artery supplies blood to which part of the lower limb?

   - A) Thigh

   - B) Anterior leg

   - C) Posterior leg

   - D) Foot

   Answer: B) Anterior leg

5. Which artery, originating from the popliteal artery, travels down the back of the leg and supplies the posterior compartment muscles?

   - A) Femoral artery

   - B) Anterior tibial artery

   - C) Posterior tibial artery

   - D) Fibular artery

   Answer: C) Posterior tibial artery

6. The fibular (peroneal) artery is a branch of which major artery in the lower limb?

   - A) Femoral artery

   - B) Popliteal artery

   - C) Anterior tibial artery

   - D) Posterior tibial artery

   Answer: D) Posterior tibial artery

7. What is the continuation of the dorsalis pedis artery on the dorsum of the foot?

   - A) Anterior tibial artery

   - B) Posterior tibial artery

   - C) Fibular artery

   - D) Popliteal artery

   Answer: A) Anterior tibial artery

8. Which artery supplies blood to the lateral compartment muscles of the leg?

   - A) Femoral artery

   - B) Anterior tibial artery

   - C) Posterior tibial artery

   - D) Fibular artery

   Answer: D) Fibular artery

9. What is the initial segment of the femoral artery, located in the femoral triangle?

   - A) Superficial femoral artery

   - B) Profunda femoris artery

   - C) Deep femoral artery

   - D) Popliteal artery

   Answer: A) Superficial femoral artery

10. The common femoral artery is a continuation of which artery?

    - A) Internal iliac artery

    - B) External iliac artery

    - C) Femoral artery

    - D) Popliteal artery

    Answer: B) External iliac artery

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